Poultry and chicken manure
Litter and layer manure: ammonia, carbon amendment and short-cycle fermentation.
Read more →
01
Feedstock design table
| Feedstock | Moisture | Bulk density | C/N | Plant design consequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicken / poultry litter | 25–40% | 0.6–0.75 t/m³ | 10–15 | Carbon amendment needed; ammonia control; short cycle |
| Layer manure (wet) | 70–80% | 0.9–1.0 t/m³ | 7–12 | Dewatering or dry amendment essential; strong odour |
| Cattle / cow dung | 70–85% | 0.85–0.95 t/m³ | 15–22 | Fibrous and wet; long turning lanes; good structure after mixing |
| Pig manure slurry | 88–94% | 0.95–1.05 t/m³ | 8–14 | Solid-liquid separation first; leachate strategy mandatory |
| Horse manure + bedding | 45–60% | 0.6–0.7 t/m³ | 25–35 | Excellent C/N; dust management; weed seeds |
| Sheep / goat manure | 50–65% | 0.7–0.8 t/m³ | 15–20 | Pellet-friendly; often used for premium products |
| Sewage sludge | 75–85% | 0.9–1.1 t/m³ | 6–12 | Bulking agent, heavy-metal screening, closed fermentation |
| Green waste / garden | 60–75% | 0.4–0.55 t/m³ | 25–40 | Carbon source; shredding; leachate collection |
| Food waste | 70–80% | 0.7–0.9 t/m³ | 15–25 | Fast acidification; rapid aeration; odour control |
| Crop straw / residues | 10–20% | 0.1–0.2 t/m³ | 40–80 | Bulking agent and carbon source; needs size reduction |
| Digestate from biogas | 75–90% | 0.95–1.05 t/m³ | 8–15 | Already partly digested — stabilisation is faster but moisture is high |
Values are planning ranges; the design basis uses measurements from the actual site wherever they can be taken.
02
Handling and contamination
- Delivery pattern — continuous, batch (poultry clean-out), or seasonal. Batch delivery of a month's feedstock in three days needs reception storage that a continuous supply does not.
- Contamination — plastic, baler twine, stones, sand and metal are the standard problems. Separation at reception is far cheaper than removing them from finished product.
- Sand and grit — abrasive on turners, granulators and dies, and it dilutes nutrient content. Where sand is heavy, a destoner or washing step belongs in the design.
- Ammonia and odour — high-nitrogen materials need carbon amendment and rapid mixing; stored wet manure is the main odour source on most sites.
- Pathogens, weed seeds and antibiotics — managed by holding the full time–temperature profile in fermentation, which is a design requirement recorded in the commissioning plan.
03
Blending to a controllable design basis
Few plants receive one ideal feedstock. The design basis usually describes a blend: manure for nitrogen and nutrients, green waste or straw for carbon and porosity, and a mineral or recycled stream for bulk where the market allows. Designing around a blend gives two advantages — moisture and C/N are controlled by recipe rather than by weather, and the plant becomes tolerant when one stream is unavailable.
The consequence is that the mixing step needs accuracy. Volumetric dosing by loader bucket is common at small scale and acceptable if the recipe is simple, but medium and large plants are better served by weighing, because a 15% error in the amendment share moves the moisture and the C/N out of the range the fermentation design assumes.
04
Feedstock pages
Cattle and cow manure
High moisture, fibrous structure, dewatering and long turning lanes.
Read more →Pig manure
Slurry separation, leachate management and rapid aeration.
Read more →Horse manure
Bedding-rich material with excellent C/N and dust considerations.
Read more →Sludge
Dewatering, bulking agents, heavy metals and enclosed fermentation.
Read more →Green and agricultural waste
Carbon supply, shredding, seasonal peaks and leachate.
Read more →Send us a feedstock sample profile
Moisture, tonnage, contamination and how the material is delivered. We return the reception and fermentation configuration it requires.
FAQ
Plant engineering questions
What moisture should the fermentation feed be?
50–60% for most systems. Below 40% the process slows sharply; above 65% the pore space fills with water and the pile turns anaerobic, which is where odour and slow cycles come from.
How do I correct a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio?
Add a carbon-rich material — straw, wood chip, rice husk, sawdust or green waste — and account for its moisture at the same time. The amendment both raises the C/N and improves porosity, so the correction usually solves two problems at once.
How much feedstock variation can a plant tolerate?
A turned windrow plant tolerates a lot; a granular line with drying tolerates much less, because moisture and plasticity drive granule formation and dryer load. That is why plants selling pellets specify incoming material more tightly.
Should I store feedstock before processing?
Only as much as the design requires. Stored wet manure generates odour, loses nitrogen and produces leachate; where buffer storage is needed for batch deliveries, keep it under cover, drained, and sized in the design basis rather than improvised on site.
Send us your design basis
Tell us the feedstock, the daily tonnage and the product you want to sell. The engineering team replies with the plant configuration, the equipment scope and the information we still need before layout drawings start.
- Feedstock profile — type, moisture, contamination, seasonal peaks
- Capacity — t/day fresh material or t/h finished fertilizer
- Product — powder, granules, bagged retail, bulk compost
- Site — available area, power supply, water, access road
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